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figure of speech

 - Februari 09, 2021

A figure of speech is a word or phrase that possesses a separate meaning from its literal definition. It can be a metaphor or simile, designed to make a comparison. It can be the repetition of alliteration or the exaggeration of hyperbole to provide a dramatic effect.

In truth, there are a wealth of these literar


y tools in the English language. But, let's start out by exploring some of the most common figure of speech examples.



Alliteration

Merupakan salah satu figure of speech yang memiliki fungsi untuk memperindah jenis kalimat Bahasa Inggris. Salah satu ciri dari alliteration adalah memiliki kalimat konsonan yang berulang. Contoh:

  • The wild walrus waits and wonders when we’ll walk by.
  • She sells seashells.
  • Walter wondered where Winnie was.
  • Blue baby bonnets bobbed through the bayou.
  • Nick needed new notebooks.
  • Fred fried frogs’ legs on Friday.

Metaphore

Merupakan figure of speech yang digunakan untuk membandingkan sesuatu atau ide. Misalnya:

  • Heart of stone
  • Time is money
  • The world is a stage
  • She’s a night owl
  • He’s an ogre

Onomatopoeia

Onompatopoeia merupakan sebuah majas yang menuliskan secara spesifik bunyi dari sesuatu. Contoh:

  • Whoosh
  • Splat
  • Buzz
  • Click
  • Oink

Personification

Personification merupakan salah satu jenis figure of speech yang memberikan ‘nyawa’ pada benda mati. Apa maksudnya? Maksudnya adalah kalimat yang digunakan pada kalimat memberikan sebuah gambaran pada benda seolah-olah benda tersebut hidup. Contoh:

  • The flowers nodded.
  • The snowflakes danced.
  • The thunder grumbled.
  • The fog crept in.
  • The wind howled.

Simile

Simile merupakan sebuah majas yang membandingkan atau mengandaikan sesuatu atau sebuah benda. Kadang, simile suka disamakan dengan metaphor yang juga memiliki bentuk perbandingan. Padahal, simile dan metaphore memiliki struktur yang berbeda. Simile memiliki ciri khas kata like, as, atau similar to.  Contoh:

  • As slippery as an eel
  • Like peas in a pod
  • As blind as a bat
  • Eats like a pig
  • As wise as an owl

Hyperbole

Dalam Bahasa Indonesia, kita mengenal majas ini dengan sebutan hiperbola. Sama dengan dalam Bahasa Inggris, bentuk kalimat hyperbole ini terlihat melebih-lebihkan sesuatu. Contoh:

  • I’ve told you to stop a thousand times.
  • That must have cost a billion dollars.
  • I could do this forever.
  • She’s older than dirt.
  • Everybody knows that.

Anaphora

Anaphora merupakan sebuah teknik penulisan di mana sebuah frasa atau awal dalam sebuah kata sama dan diulang-ulang dalam sebuah kalimat. Biasanya anaphora digunakan dalam menulis sajak, dongeng, pidato, atau puisi agar lebih berirama. Contoh:

  • I came, I saw, I conquered. – Julius Caesar
  • Mad world! Mad kings! Mad composition! – King John II, William Shakespeare
  • It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness. – A Tale of Two Cities, Charles Dickens
  • With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right. – Abraham Lincoln

Assonance

Salah satu ciri dari majas assonance adalah pengulangan bunyi kata yang mirip. Kadang, assonance juga bisa mengulang kata-kata dengan huruf depan yang sama. Contoh:

  • A – For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels named Lenore. (Poe)
  • E – Therefore, all seasons shall be sweet to thee. (Coleridge)
  • I – From what I’ve tasted of desire, I hold with those who favor fire. (Frost)
  • O – Oh hear old Triton blow his wreathed horn. (Wordsworth)
  • U – Uncertain rustling of each purple curtain (Poe)

Synecdoche

Merupakan sebuah kata atau istilah yang digunakan untuk mewakili seluruh benda. Misalnya:

  • Wheels – Merupakan perwakilan untuk penyebutan mobil.
  • Plastic – Di Amerika ada istilah plastic untuk menyebut kartu kredit atau kartu debit.
  • Coke – Diugunakan untuk menyebut minuman soda apapun

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